Israel’s parliamentary system centers on an elected 120-member Knesset and a government that depends on its confidence. Basic Laws set out how public authority is organized; courts, parliamentary scrutiny and the State Comptroller provide forms of oversight. The president carries formal constitutional duties but does not direct the government.
Citizens elect the Knesset
Voters choose party lists in a nationwide proportional election. The Knesset enacts laws, approves the state budget, scrutinizes ministers and gives or withdraws confidence in a government under law. Read how Knesset seats are allocated and how bills pass through the Knesset.
The government administers the state
The government sets executive policy and administers public services within the powers granted by law. Following elections, the President assigns an MK the task of forming a government after consulting parliamentary groups. The proposed cabinet must present its policy and obtain Knesset confidence. See how a government is formed and held accountable.
Basic Laws define institutions and rights
Israel has no single codified constitution. Its Basic Laws address the Knesset, government, judiciary and other state institutions, as well as specified rights. The 1995 Bank Mizrahi ruling recognized their constitutional status and judicial review of ordinary laws that conflict with protected Basic Law provisions. Read how the Basic Laws work.
Courts and independent oversight
The Knesset’s description of the Supreme Court explains its appellate and High Court roles. The Comptroller’s Office sets out its audit and Ombudsman remit, and the President’s Office lists the president’s formal duties.
The Supreme Court hears appeals and sits as the High Court of Justice to review public authorities in matters within its jurisdiction. The State Comptroller audits public bodies and also serves as the Public Ombudsman, which handles complaints within its remit. The President signs laws, assigns government formation, accredits diplomats and may grant pardons. Each office has distinct powers set by law: no single institution performs all functions of government.
Explore minority citizens’ political rights, the Supreme Court and High Court, the State Comptroller and Ombudsman, the president, and the attorney general and prosecution for the responsibilities and limits of each institution.